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An avuncular test is done to determine if a child is biologically related to a sibling of the alleged father (or mother). However, aunts and uncles will only have 25 % of their genes in common with a niece or nephew. This test cannot provide a result that is as accurate as a paternity test due to the two-fold dilution of genes. This test will provide a numerical probability for the alleged biological relationship.

As in all relationship testing, the sample of a common parent (normally the mother) is always recommended.

A grandparentage DNA test determines whether a couple could be biological grandparents of a child. The test will show the statistical probability that the grandparents are genetically related to their grandchild.

It is also an indirect way to determine family relationships when an alleged father is unavailable for a paternity test. The child’s DNA profile is compared with the DNA profiles of the alleged father’s biological parents. Since a child inherits half of their DNA from their mother (maternal) and half from their father (paternal), the paternal half should match DNA inherited from the alleged grandparents.

As in all relationship testing, the sample of a common parent (normally the mother) is always recommended.

DNA analysis of single grandparent: this test requires DNA samples from just ONE of the grandparents. The limitation of this test, however, is that a single grandparent shares only 25 % of their DNA with their grandchild. We strongly recommend adding the mother’s sample in this particular case.
DNA analysis of both grandparents: We strongly recommended this test in which both the grandmother and grandfather are tested. The mother’s DNA sample should also be included if available.
In both types of tests the DNA profiles analysed are compared with that of the grandchild to establish a biological relationship. The mother’s samples are included to quickly eliminate her share of the DNA in the heredity process, which in turn leaves just the paternal half to test.

Prenatal DNA TestIn certain situations, it is necessary to establish the paternity of a child before a mother gives birth. Prenatal DNA testing can confirm the paternity before a child is born. A prenatal paternity test compares the baby’s DNA profile with that of the alleged father and the mother. Therefore, the mother is usually required to provide DNA samples for analysis, in addition to participating in the procedure for sampling of the baby’s DNA.

Unlike a standard paternity test, the mother is usually required to provide DNA samples for analysis, in addition to participating in the procedure for sampling of the baby’s DNA. The prenatal test provides the same definitive results as the standard paternity test because the baby’s DNA is set at conception. Prenatal testing requires a sample to be collected by a qualified Obstetrician or Gynecologist.
Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS): A small DNA sample can be taken from the placenta (the membrane that patrially surrounds the foetus) from the 10th to 13th week of pregnancy. This procedure is performed either transcervically (through the vagina) or transabdominally (through the abdominal wall), and must be performed by a qualified Obstetrician or Gynecologist.

Amniocentesis: A sample of amniotic fluid can be taken from the 14th to 24th week of pregnancy. The sac surrounding the developing foetus contains the amniotic fluid which contains foetal cells that can be used for DNA analysis. Sampling is performed transabdominally (through the abdominal wall).

These procedures must be performed by a qualified Obstetrician or Gynecologist . These procedures are invasive and, therefore, present a slight risk of infection or miscarriage. We advise all mothers to discuss the risks with their Obstetrician or Gynecologist before deciding to have either of these procedures.

Twin zygosity testsTwin zygosity tests are for parents of twins or twins interested in knowing if they are identical (monozygotic) or fraternal (dizygotic). The results of the test are usually used to satisfy personal curiosity, but there can be health advantages as well. Identical twins, because their genetic makeup is exactly the same, can always act as organ, tissue, or blood donors for each other. Identical twins are also likely to develop the same genetic disorders; if a disorder is exhibited in one twin, the it is likely that the other twin will develop it as well.

A twin zygosity test will help parents or twins themselves better prepare for the future, providing additional genetic information and medical history.

Siblingship TestA siblingship test determines if two or more individuals are half siblings or full siblings. This test is often used to confirm biological relationships among adoptees and siblings. It can also be used to infer paternity in cases where the alleged father is unavailable for testing. There are two different types of siblingship tests:

The full siblingship test is performed when two siblings have a common parent (usually the mother). The test will determine whether or not the siblings also share the same father, and are therefore full siblings.

The half siblingship test determines whether or not two individuals share one parent, and are therefore half siblings. For example, those tested may have different mothers, but suspect they may have the same father. Both tests may also be used to test biological relationships in adoption reunification situations. The mother’s involvement will provide a greater chance of achieving a conclusive result, therefore, we encourage the mother(s) of the alleged siblings to be tested.

Siblingship tests are not conclusive. Although DNA testing is highly informative, this method of testing can never be conclusive as actually testing the alleged parent’s DNA.

Comparing DNA profiles can provide a strong indication of a sibling relationship. However, it will not always reveal the true nature of the relationship because of the patterns of DNA inheritance. It is possible, for example, for two individuals to have the same parents and only share a small number of their DNA markers. A sibling test can therefore only conclude which is the most likely relationship given the DNA evidence. The results from this test will provide a statistical likelihood of whether two individuals are true biological relatives, but sibling analysis cannot provide a conclusive result. If any of the parents of the siblings who are being assessed are available for testing, it is advised that they should also be tested as this will aid the analysis and may increase the certainty of the result.

DNA Maternity Testing Similar to our DNA Paternity test, we offer a DNA Maternity test to determine if a woman is the biological mother of a child. A maternity test is similar to a paternity test. The difference is that an alleged mother is being tested, not an alleged father.

The collection process and the testing process are very much the same. In a maternity test, the child and alleged mother are tested. The participation of the father is often encouraged, but it is not required for a conclusive answer.

Maternity testing is useful in cases where an individual has been separated from their biological mother shortly after birth, often because of adoption or other extenuating circumstances. Adopted children have used maternity testing to identify their biological mothers. Maternity testing can be used to resolve situations in hospitals where a ‘baby mix-up’ is suspected.

DNA paternity testingA paternity test works by comparing a child’s DNA profile with that of an alleged father, and possibly the mother as well. A child inherits half of their DNA from their mother and half from their father, therefore a DNA paternity test reveals whether the child has inherited DNA from the alleged father. When individuals are biologically related, such as parent and child, their DNA profiles show predictable patterns of genetic inheritance.

Custom Paternity test

When the alleged father is unavailable to provide a buccal sample for paternity testing, DTL will process alternative samples containing his DNA . Please refer to our Forensic Services for more information on other types of samples we test.

DTL DNA paternity tests offer:

• Premium quality Paternity Testing using 16 genetic markers
• 99.999% accuracy guarantee for inclusions; 100% for exclusions
• Testing of father, child and mother (mother is optional)
• Check your test status online and view test report when ready
• Fast results in 3 working days